Shoulder Impingement: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
Shoulder impingement is a common condition that affects many individuals, particularly those engaged in repetitive overhead activities. It occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become compressed between the bones of the shoulder joint, leading to pain, inflammation, and limited mobility. Addressing shoulder impingement early is crucial for maintaining optimal shoulder health and preventing chronic discomfort.
Understanding Shoulder Impingement
Shoulder impingement syndrome, also known as subacromial impingement, is a condition where the space between the acromion (the top part of the shoulder blade) and the rotator cuff narrows. This causes irritation of the tendons and bursa, resulting in pain and restricted movement. Athletes, manual labourers, and individuals with poor posture are particularly susceptible to this condition.
Common Causes of Shoulder Impingement
- Repetitive Overhead Movements – Sports such as swimming, tennis, and weightlifting place excessive stress on the shoulder.
- Poor Posture – Rounded shoulders and forward head posture contribute to muscle imbalances, leading to impingement.
- Weak Shoulder Muscles – Insufficient strength in the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers increases the risk of impingement.
- Age-related Degeneration – As individuals age, the rotator cuff tendons become more vulnerable to inflammation and tears.
- Previous Shoulder Injuries – Trauma or improper rehabilitation from prior injuries can contribute to impingement.
Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement
- Persistent pain when lifting the arm overhead
- Discomfort while sleeping on the affected side
- Weakness and reduced range of motion in the shoulder
- A clicking or grinding sensation during movement
- Difficulty reaching behind the back
Diagnosing Shoulder Impingement
A thorough clinical assessment is essential to diagnose shoulder impingement accurately. Physiotherapists evaluate shoulder mobility, strength, and posture to identify the underlying cause. Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or MRI scans, may be recommended in severe cases to assess structural abnormalities.
Effective Treatments for Shoulder Impingement
Addressing shoulder impingement involves reducing pain, improving mobility, and strengthening the shoulder to prevent recurrence. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in this process.
Physiotherapy for Shoulder Impingement
- Manual Therapy – Hands-on techniques help release tight muscles, improve joint mobility, and enhance blood circulation.
- Corrective Exercises – Strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers restores balance and function to the shoulder.
- Postural Correction – Guidance on ergonomic adjustments and postural awareness reduces strain on the shoulder.
- Shockwave Therapy – For chronic impingement cases, shockwave therapy stimulates tissue healing and reduces inflammation.
- Stretching and Mobility Drills – Exercises that enhance shoulder flexibility and mobility alleviate impingement symptoms.
Lifestyle Modifications for Shoulder Health
- Avoid prolonged overhead activities that strain the shoulder.
- Incorporate regular shoulder-strengthening exercises into fitness routines.
- Maintain proper posture, especially when working at a desk or using electronic devices.
- Use heat or ice therapy to manage occasional discomfort.
- Seek physiotherapy intervention at the earliest signs of shoulder pain.
Preventing Shoulder Impingement
Preventative strategies focus on maintaining strong shoulders and reducing unnecessary stress on the joint:
- Engage in balanced strength training targeting the shoulders, back, and core.
- Incorporate dynamic warm-ups before engaging in sports or physical activities.
- Ensure proper technique when lifting weights or performing repetitive arm movements.
- Take regular breaks from prolonged activities that involve shoulder elevation.
How PhysioElm Can Help
At PhysioElm, we specialise in diagnosing and treating shoulder impingement using a combination of advanced physiotherapy techniques. Our expert physiotherapists assess each individual’s condition to create effective rehabilitation plans that promote strong shoulders and long-term relief. Whether you’re recovering from an injury or aiming to enhance shoulder health, our evidence-based treatments can help you regain pain-free movement and prevent future issues. Book an appointment today.
- Information for Shoulder Impingement – PDF
- Shoulder impingement – Do’s & Don’ts’s
- Shoulder Impingement Syndrome – PDF
- Subacromial Pain / Shoulder Impingement – Information for patients – PDF
